Impacto de las clases virtuales en la salud mental de la población pediátrica durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en septiembre-diciembre 2021 / Impact of Virtual Classes on the Mental Health of the Pediatric Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introducción: El COVID-19 ha afectado la salud mental de la población pediátrica. Con la transición a la virtualidad, se han identificado posturas positivas y negativas. Debido a la diferencia de características sociodemográficas que posee la República Dominicana, es necesario describir el efecto de dichos cambios en la salud mental dentro de este contexto. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de las clases virtuales en la salud mental de los pacientes pediátricos. Metodología: Se utilizó el cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades en los pacientes que asistieron a consulta general. Se asignó una puntuación con la escala de puntuación estandarizada y se analizaron los resultados en gráficos de frecuencia y pruebas de correlación de spearman. Resultados: Existe una frecuencia del 10,4% (n=34) de alto riesgo de desarrollar algún trastorno psiquiátrico. Se observaron correlaciones débiles entre menor edad y trastorno de conducta, r(365) = -0,111, p = 0,034, y sexo masculino y cualquier trastorno pediátrico, r(365) = -0,131, p = 0,012. Hay una incidencia de 51,5% de síntomas físicos. Un 45.5% y un 30.2% identificó mejores e iguales calificaciones. Conclusión: Es necesario investigar los efectos identificados agregando la evaluación de especialistas para mayor precisión de los hallazgos observados.

Introduction: COVID-19 has affected the mental health of the pediatric population. With the transition to virtuality, positive and negative positions have been identified. Due to the difference in sociodemographic characteristics that the Dominican Republic has, it is necessary to describe the effect of these changes on mental health within this context. Objective: To assess the effect of virtual classes on the mental health of pediatric patients. Methodology: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used in the patients who attended the general consultation. A score was assigned using the standardized scoring scale and the results were analyzed in frequency plots and spearman correlation tests. Results: There is a frequency of 10.4% (n=34) of high risk of developing some psychiatric disorder. Weak correlations were observed between younger age and conduct disorder, r(365) = -0.111, p = 0.034, and male gender and any pediatric disorder, r(365) = -0.131, p = 0.012. There is a 51.5% incidence of physical symptoms. 45.5% and 30.2% identified better and equal qualifications. Conclusion: It is necessary to investigate the effects identified adding the evaluation of specialists for greater precision of the observed findings.

Conhecimento de estudantes do ensino médio sobre métodos contraceptivos: pesquisa-ação em escolas da rede privada / Knowledge of high school students about contraceptive methods: action research in private schools / Conocimientos de estudiantes de secundaria sobre métodos anticonceptivos: investigación-acción en escuelas privadas

OBJETIVO: Identificar o conhecimento de estudantes sobre os métodos contraceptivos, antes e após a realização de oficinas sobre a temática. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa-ação, realizada com 38 estudantes do ensino médio. Foram realizadas oficinas com discussão da temática (audiogravadas) e aplicação de pré e pós-teste em outubro de 2022. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática para as narrativas e cálculo da frequência relativa para as questões fechadas do questionário. RESULTADOS: As narrativas se diferenciam entre as escolas. Os estudantes acreditam que o dispositivo intrauterino é abortivo; conhecem pouco sobre dupla proteção; e associam a pílula anticoncepcional aos benefícios à estética. Após as oficinas houve ampliação dos acertos e incorporação de novos conhecimentos mensurados pelo pós-teste nas duas escolas. CONCLUSÃO: É importante realizar oficinas no ambiente escolar a fim de reduzir danos à saúde e o Programa Saúde na Escola pode ser um facilitador para o acesso às temáticas da sexualidade e saúde reprodutiva.

OBJECTIVE: To identify students' knowledge about contraceptive methods, before and after workshops on the topic. METHODS: Action research, carried out with 38 high school students. Workshops were held with discussion of the topic (audiorecorded) and application of pre- and post-tests in October 2022. Thematic content analysis was used for the narratives and calculation of the relative frequency for the closed questions of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The narratives differ between schools. Students believe that the intrauterine device is abortifacient; they know little about double protection; and they associate the contraceptive pill with aesthetic benefits. After the workshops, there was an increase in correct answers and the incorporation of new knowledge measured by the post-test in both schools. CONCLUSION: It is important to hold workshops in the school environment in order to reduce harm to health and the School Health Program can be a facilitator for access to sexuality and reproductive health topics.

OBJETIVO: Identificar los conocimientos de los estudiantes sobre métodos anticonceptivos, antes y después de los talleres sobre el tema. MÉTODOS: Investigación acción, realizada con 38 estudiantes de secundaria. Se realizaron talleres con discusión del tema (audiograbados) y aplicación de pre y post pruebas en octubre de 2022. Para las narrativas se utilizó análisis de contenido temático y cálculo de la frecuencia relativa para las preguntas cerradas del cuestionario. RESULTADOS: Las narrativas difieren entre escuelas. Los estudiantes creen que el dispositivo intrauterino es abortivo; saben poco sobre la doble protección; y asocian la píldora anticonceptiva con beneficios estéticos. Luego de los talleres, hubo un aumento en las respuestas correctas y la incorporación de nuevos conocimientos medidos por el post-test en ambas escuelas. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante realizar talleres en el ámbito escolar para reducir los daños a la salud y el Programa de Salud Escolar puede ser un facilitador para el acceso a temas de sexualidad y salud reproductiva.

Right to health and encouragement of social participation in elementary education / Derecho a la salud e incentivo a la participación social en la educación básica / Direito à saúde e o estímulo à participação social na educação básica

Objective Develop and validate an ordinary meeting simulation template of the Municipal Health Council applied to students of cycle II of Elementary School. Methods. Qualitative and descriptive research developed in two phases: construction of simulation scenario of ordinary meeting of the Municipal Health Council and validation by committee of experts who analyzed the representativeness and adequacy of the content. The scenario included the items: prebriefing, additional information about the case, scenario objectives, evaluation criteria (observers), scenario duration time, human and physical resources, instructions for the actors, context, references and debriefing. In order to be able to understand which items should be modified according to the evaluations of the experts, it was used as criterion that only items that had 80% or higher percentage of agreement between the experts for modification would be modified. Results. There was agreement to modify the prebriefing in: additional information about the case (100%); learning objectives (88.8%); human and physical resources (88.8%); context (88.8%); and in the debriefing (88.8%). The prebriefing did not reach the level of agreement: evaluation criteria (66.6%), duration of the scenario (77.7%), instruction for authors (77.7%), references (77.7%), which were modified. Conclusion. With the template developed and then validated by the committee of experts, it will be possible to develop in the classroom content related to the right to health and social participation in the scope of elementary education, as well as encourage engagement in important bodies for the maintenance of democracy, justice and social equity

Objetivo. Desarrollar y validar una plantilla de simulación de una reunión ordinaria del Consejo Municipal de Salud aplicada a estudiantes del ciclo II de Enseñanza Fundamental. Métodos. Investigación cualitativa descriptiva desarrollada en dos fases: construcción de un escenario para simular una reunión ordinaria del Consejo Municipal de Salud y validación por un comité de expertos que analizó la representatividad y adecuación del contenido. El escenario incluyó los ítems: prebriefing, información adicional sobre el caso, objetivos del escenario, criterios de evaluación (observadores), tiempo de duración del escenario, recursos humanos y físicos, instrucciones para los actores, contexto, referencias y debriefing. Para validar el escenario, se definió un nivel de acuerdo entre los expertos de mínimo 80%. Resultados. Hubo acuerdo para mejorar en el prebriefing: información adicional sobre el caso (100%); objetivos de aprendizaje (88,8%); recursos humanos y físicos (88.8%); contexto (88.8%); y en el debriefing (88.8%). En el prebriefing no alcanzó el nivel de acuerdo: criterios de evaluación (66,6%), tiempo del escenario (77.7%), instrucciones para los autores (77.7%), y las referencias (77.7%), los cuales fueron posteriormente modificados. Conclusión. Con la plantilla desarrollada y posteriormente validada por expertos será posible realizar en el aula contenidos sobre el derecho a la salud y a la Participación Social en el ámbito de la educación básica, así como fomentar el compromiso en órganos importantes para el mantenimiento de la democracia, la justicia y la equidad social.

Objetivo. Desenvolver e validar um template de simulação de reunião ordinária do Conselho Municipal de Saúde aplicado em alunos do ciclo II do Ensino Fundamental. Método. Pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva desenvolvida em duas fases: construção de cenário de simulação de reunião ordinária do Conselho Municipal de Saúde e validação por comitê de especialistas que analisaram a representatividade e adequação do conteúdo. O cenário contemplou os itens: prebriefing, informações adicionais sobre o caso, objetivos do cenário, critérios de avaliação (observadores), tempo de duração do cenário, recursos humanos e físicos, instruções para os atores, contexto, referências e debriefing. Para que fosse possível entender quais itens deveriam ser modificados de acordo com as avaliações dos especialistas, utilizou-se como critério que somente os itens que tivessem 80% ou porcentagem superior de concordância entre os especialistas para modificação é que seriam modificados. Resultados. Houve concordância para modificação em el prebriefing em: informações adicionais sobre o caso (100%); objetivos de aprendizagem (88.8%); recursos humanos e físicos (88.8%); contexto (88.8%); y em el debriefing (88.8%). Não atingiram o nível de concordância o prebriefing: critérios de avaliação (66.6%), tempo de duração do cenário (77.7%), instrução para autores (77.7%), referências (77.7%), os quais foram modificados. Conclusão. Com o template desenvolvido e despois validado pelo comitê de especialistas será possível desenvolver em sala de aula conteúdos referentes ao direito à saúde e à Participação Social no âmbito da educação básica, bem como encorajar o engajamento em órgãos importantes para manutenção da democracia, justiça e equidade social.

Autoavaliação de saúde e fatores relacionados ao trabalho dos professores da educação básica no Brasil / Self-rated health and factors related to the work of basic education's teachers in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre a autoavaliação de saúde dos professores e as condições que eles encontram para trabalhar nas escolas da Educação Básica no Brasil. Estudo transversal, realizado entre 2015 e 2016, representativo dos professores da Educação Básica do País, cuja variável desfecho foi a autoavaliação de saúde (AAS). As variáveis explicativas foram as características relacionadas ao trabalho. Para avaliar os fatores associados à AAS foi utilizado o Modelo de Regressão Logística de Chances Proporcionais. A prevalência de AAS ruim foi de 27%. A probabilidade de pior AAS foi significativamente maior para o grupo que informou episódios de violência verbal (OR=1,26; IC95% 1,09-1,44), pressão laboral (OR=1,18; IC95% 1,04-1,33), e deslocamento para escola superior a 50 minutos (OR=1,19; IC95% 1,03-1,38). A probabilidade de pior AAS foi significativamente menor para aqueles que relataram dispor de tempo suficiente para cumprir suas tarefas (OR=0,77; IC95% 0,64-0,92), apoio social (OR=0,79; IC95% 0,69-0,89) e satisfação com o próprio trabalho (OR=0,79; IC95% 0,69-0,91). Ações sobre o ambiente e a organização escolar e melhorias no transporte dos professores para o trabalho são desejáveis.

Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze the association between teachers' self-rated health and the conditions in which they work in Basic Education schools in Brazil. It involved a cross-sectional study, carried out between 2015 and 2016, representative of Basic Education teachers in the country, the outcome variable of which was self-rated health (SRH). The explanatory variables were the work-related characteristics. To assess the factors associated with SRH, the Proportional Odds Logistic Regression Model was used. The prevalence of poor SRH was 27%. The probability of poor SRH was significantly higher for the group that reported episodes of verbal violence (OR=1.26; 95%CI 1.09-1.44), work pressure (OR=1.18; 95%CI 1, 04-1.33), and a commute to school of more than 50 minutes (OR=1.19; 95%CI 1.03-1.38). The probability of poor SRH was significantly better for those who reported having enough time to complete their tasks (OR=0.77; 95%CI 0.64-0.92), social support (OR=0.79; 95%CI 0.69-0.89) and satisfaction with their workload (OR=0.79; 95%CI 0.69-0.91). Actions on the school environment and organization and improvements in the transport of teachers to work are desirable.

Surveillance of varicella-induced absenteeism in primary and secondary school students in Minhang District， Shanghai， 2021 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the varicella cases from the illness-induced absenteeism system and the National Notifiable Disease and Reporting System （NNDRS） in primary and secondary school students in Minhang District， determine the characteristics of varicella-induced absenteeism in schools， and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of varicella in schools. MethodsSurveillance data of varicella-induced absenteeism and varicella cases in the NNDRS in 2021 were collected. Characteristics of varicella-induced absenteeism and consistency of data between the illness-induced absenteeism system and the NNDRS were determined， using descriptive analysis and matching varicella cases in the two systems. ResultsThe incidence of varicella in Minhang District was 48.28/105 in 2021. The overall rate of illness-induced absenteeism was 612.08/105 in primary and secondary schools， and the rate of varicella-induced absenteeism was 6.03/105. The distribution of varicella-induced absenteeism was consistent with the incidence of varicella cases. Furthermore， the rate of varicella-induced absenteeism was significantly higher in boys than in girls. The rate increased synchronously during the peak of varicella incidence. The rate differed significantly across the students in diverse schools （χ2=135.217，P<0.001）， which was the highest in middle school students. However， there was no significant difference in the number of absent days between peak incidence and non-peak incidence periods of varicella （t=0.173， P=0.863）. Moreover， actual matching proportion of varicella cases between illness-induced absenteeism system and the NNDRS was 88.90%. The varicella cases that had been notified and those had not been notified in the NNDRS did not differ significantly in the number of absent days （t=0.346， P=0.730）. ConclusionThe incidence of varicella and varicella-induced absenteeism in schools is relatively low in Minhang District. Data between the illness-induced absenteeism system and the NNDRS is consistent. Routine prevention and control of varicella in schools is maintained a good level throughout the year.

Analysis of eye screening data in primary and middle school students from 2019 to 2021 / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To analyze the data of vision acuity from primary and secondary school students in different regions in China in a screening program performed by Huaxia Eye Hospital, and to investigate the prevalence and incidence of myopia among them.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Cross-sectional and cohort analysis of the visual acuity and refraction data of primary and secondary school students in China from 2019 to 2021 from Huaxia Eye Hospital was carried out.Myopia was defined as one eye with the uncorrected visual acuity less than 5.0 and a spherical equivalent <-0.50 D in the screening.The frequency of screening, the number of people, the distribution of vision acuity, and the distribution of myopia among subjects were compared by sexes, grades and regions, and the prevalence and incidence of myopia was analyzed.Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for visual examination and automatic computerized optometry was used for refractive examination.Screening process was consistent in the study.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University (No.XMYKZX-KY-2019-011). The written informed consent was obtained from subjects or their guardians after explaining the examination procedure, methods and purpose prior to any medical examination.Results:A total of 4 027 schools in 51 cities of 19 provinces covering 4.556 million people were included in the vision study.The prevalence of myopia in screening was 64.85% in primary and secondary school population generally, 54.0% in primary school, 78.18% in junior high school and 87.05% in senior high school.There were statistical differences in the prevalence of screening myopia in different education stages ( χ2=100.7, P<0.001). The prevalence rate in females was higher than that in males ( χ2=5 557.5, P<0.001). The incidence of myopia within a year was 18.68% in primary and secondary schools, which was 16.57% in East China, 6.07% in Central China and North China, 15.11% in Southwest and Northwest China, 9.19% in South China, and there was a statistically significant differences among them ( χ2=1 200.9, P<0.001). Conclusions:The prevalence and incidence of myopia in primary and secondary school students are still high and vary with educational stages and regional factors.Scientific prevention and control of myopia should consider the two factors.

Trajetórias juvenis e a construção de intelectuais orgânicos/as , / Young people's trajectories and the construction of organic intellectuals ,

Resumo A partir do acompanhamento de uma trajetória de vida juvenil, buscou-se apreender de que forma e quais experiências colaboram para constituir jovens mais ativos socialmente - em uma perspectiva gramsciniana: intelectuais orgânicos/as. Questiona-se, portanto: quais seriam as experiências que incidem/incidiram sobre as vidas juvenis que contribuem/contribuíram para a construção de processos na direção da emancipação social? Assim, utilizou-se do acompanhamento singular e territorial — tecnologia social descrita e elaborada pela terapia ocupacional social — resultando nas descrições e análises de situações para que uma jovem engendrasse movimentos de catarse, destacando sua participação em ações de extensão universitária, ambientes virtuais, grêmio estudantil e atividades vinculadas ao programa de iniciação científica do ensino médio (PIBIC-EM). Projeta-se que este estudo ofereça referências para estratégias de fortalecimento das redes de jovens e fomento a criação e ampliação de diferentes espaços coletivos por onde os jovens transitam, sejam eles presenciais ou virtuais, de tal modo que possam enfrentar as diferentes vulnerabilidades que cercam seus cotidianos.

Abstract Based on the follow-up of a young woman, we sought to understand how and what experiences contribute to the formation of more socially active young people - from a Gramscian perspective, organic intellectuals. The question is, therefore, which experiences have or have had an influence on the lives of young people that contribute or have contributed to constructing processes towards social emancipation? To this end, an individual territorial follow-up—a social technology developed by social occupational therapy—was used, resulting in descriptions and analyses of situations so that this young woman could engender movements of catharsis, highlighting her participation and protagonism in university extension actions, virtual environments, student guild events, and activities linked to a high school research program. It is expected that this study will provide references for strategies to strengthen youth networks and foster the creation and expansion of different collective spaces where young people move about, whether in person or virtually so that they can cope with the vulnerabilities that surround their everyday life.

Clustering e Switching nos testes de fluência verbal em crianças do ensino fundamental I com e sem dificuldade de aprendizagem / Clustering and Switching on verbal fluency tests in elementary school children with and without learning difficulties

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho nos testes de Fluência Verbal Semântica e Fonêmica em relação aos componentes cognitivos de clustering e switching e explorar as mudanças no desenvolvimento no ensino fundamental. Método Participaram 68 crianças do 2º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental I de uma escola pública do município de Santo André, divididas em dois grupos, Dificuldade de Aprendizagem (DA) e Desenvolvimento Típico (DT). Resultados Os testes de Fluência Verbal foram comparados para o número de clusters, tamanho médio dos clusters e número de switches. Todas as variáveis comparadas mostraram uma pontuação estatisticamente significante maior para o teste de Fluência Verbal Semântica. Foram realizadas as médias e desvios-padrão das mesmas variáveis para efeito de ano e grupo em ambos os testes. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante apenas para o número total de clusters no teste de Fluência Verbal Semântica para efeito de grupo, com o melhor desempenho do grupo DT. Observou-se correlação alta no total de acertos em ambos os testes de Fluência Verbal com o número total de clusters e número de switches. Além disso, foi observada correlação entre o total de acertos com a média de tamanho dos clusters apenas no teste de Fluência Verbal Fonêmica. A análise de regressão linear apresentou maior variância para o número total de clusters, o tornando mais preditivo para o desempenho em ambos testes de Fluência Verbal. Conclusão Os testes de Fluência Verbal podem ser sensíveis e preditivos para a identificação de possíveis diferenças no desempenho escolar associados à leitura.

ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate the performance in the Semantic and Phonemic Verbal Fluency tests in relation to the cognitive components of clustering and switching and explore the changes in development in elementary school. Methods Participants were 68 children from the 2nd to 5th grade of elementary school of a public school in the municipality of Santo André, divided into two groups, Learning Difficulty (LD) and Typical Development (TD). Results The Verbal Fluency tests were compared for the number of clusters, mean size of the clusters, and number of switches. All variables compared showed a statistically significant higher score for Semantic Verbal Fluency. Means and standard deviations of the same variables for year and group effect were realized in both Verbal Fluency tests. A statistically significant difference was observed only for the total number of clusters in the Semantic Verbal Fluency test for group effect, with the best performance of the TD group. A high correlation was observed between the total number of correct answers with the total number of clusters and number of switches in both Verbal Fluency tests. In addition, a correlation was observed between the total number of correct answers and the mean size of the clusters only in the Phonemic Verbal Fluency. Linear regression analysis showed greater variance for the total number of clusters, making it more predictable for performance in both verbal fluency tests. Conclusion Verbal Fluency tests may be sensitive and predictive for the identification of possible differences in school performance associated with reading.

Escolares participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar de un establecimiento educacional público de la provincia del Biobío (Chile) presentan un similar estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento académico

Introducción: Existe amplia evidencia sobre escolares chilenos con altos niveles de sobrepeso-obesidad, bajo nivel de actividad física y de condición física. Sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia que compare el estado nutricional, actividad física y condición física entre escolares participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar. Objetivo: Analizar diferencias en el estado nutricional, la condición física y el rendimiento escolar entre escolares de tercero a quinto año básico participantes y no participantes de un programa de integración escolar de un establecimiento educacional público de la provincia del Biobío (Chile). Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. se analizó una muestra por conveniencia de 107 escolares. Se midió el estado nutricional, la condición física. Además, para evaluar el rendimiento escolar se obtuvieron los promedios de notas de Lenguaje y matemáticas. Resultados: Se reportó una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad ligeramente superiores a valores de referencia nacional. No existieron diferencias significativas entre el estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento académico para los escolares participantes y no participantes del programa de integración escolar. Adicionalmente, los escolares con mayor índice de masa corporal tenían un promedio más bajo en la asignatura de Lenguaje y Comunicación. Conclusiones: La similitud en los niveles de estado nutricional, condición física y rendimiento escolar, así como la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad asociada a un bajo rendimiento académico, debe tenerse en cuenta al momento de diseñar e implementar campañas de promoción de actividad física en escolares

Introduction: There is ample evidence on Chilean schoolchildren with high levels of overweight and obesity, and a low level of physical activity and physical fitness. However, there is little evidence that compares the nutritional status, physical activity, and physical fitness between participating and non-participating schoolchildren in mainstream education. Objective: To analyze differences in nutritional status, physical condition, and school performance among schoolchildren from the third to fifth grade participating and non-participating in mainstream education of a public educational establishment in the province of Biobío, Chile. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study. A convenience sample of 107 schoolchildren was analyzed. Nutritional status and physical fitness were measured. In addition, to measure school performance, the grade point averages of language and mathematics were obtained. Results: A prevalence of overweight and obesity slightly higher than national reference values was reported. There were no significant differences between the nutritional status, physical condition, and school performance for the participating and non-participating schoolchildren in mainstream education. Additionally, the schoolchildren with the highest body mass index had a lower grade point average in language and communication. Conclusions: The similarity in the levels of nutritional status, physical fitness, and school performance, as well as the prevalence of overweight and obesity associated with low school performance, should be considered when designing and implementing program to promote physical activity in schoolchildren

Implementación de un programa de alimentación escolar en una institución educativa durante la pandemia, Bogotá, 2021 / Implementation of a school feeding program in an educational institution during the pandemic, Bogotá, 2021

RESUMEN Objetivo El Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE) en Colombia brinda un complemento alimentario para niños y adolescentes vinculados al sistema educativo público; sin embargo, debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, este tuvo que modificar su modalidad de entrega. Este estudio tuvo como propósito describir las estrategias del Colegio CEDID Ciudad Bolívar al implementar el PAE durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos Diseño metodológico cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes, estudiantes y padres de familias, pertenecientes a este colegio. La información fue analizada de acuerdo con un conjunto de categorías establecidas previamente. Resultados Los participantes coinciden en que el traslado de los padres por pérdida de empleo y el no tener dispositivos tecnológicos, influye en la deserción escolar. Por otra parte, el colegio se acogió a la modalidad transitoria del PAE, entregando bonos redimibles por mercado; sin embargo, afirman que no todos lograron acceder a este por desconocimiento del trámite. Se resalta por los participantes que es una ayuda alimentaria, económica y que logra beneficiar a toda la familia, pero se evidencia el alto costo de los alimentos, el desabastecimiento y las dificultades a la hora de redimirlos. Conclusiones A pesar de la pandemia, la institución ha hecho esfuerzos para adaptar el PAE a las circunstancias epidemiológicas a fin de enfrentar el riesgo de deserción escolar y garantizar el complemento alimentario para los estudiantes, siendo valorado por ellos y sus familias.

ABSTRACT Objective The School Feeding Program (PAE, by its initials in Spanish) in Colombia provides a food supplement for children and adolescents enrolled in the public educational system; however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, its delivery modality had to be modified. The purpose of this study was to describe the strategies of the CEDID Ciudad Bolívar School to implement the PAE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Methodological design based on semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and parents of families belonging to this school. The information was analyzed according to a set of previously established categories. Results The participants agree that the transfer of parents due to loss of employment and not having technological devices influences school dropout. On the other hand, the school took advantage of the transitory modality of the PAE, delivering bonds redeemable by market; however, they affirm that not all were able to access it, due to ignorance of the process. It is highlighted by the participants that it is a food aid, it is economic, and that it manages to benefit the whole family, but the high cost of food, the shortage of supplies, and the difficulties when it comes to redeeming it are evident. Conclusions Despite the pandemic, the institution has made efforts to adapt the PAE to epidemiological circumstances, in order to face the risk of school dropout and guarantee the food supplement for students, being valued by them and their families.

Vida sem escola e saúde mental dos estudantes de escolas públicas na pandemia de Covid-19 / Schoolless life and mental health of public-school students in the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMO O presente estudo analisa os efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes durante parte do período de suspensão das aulas presenciais. Trata-se de estudo transversal, aplicado entre outubro e dezembro de 2020, baseado em questionário on-line de autorrelato respondido por estudantes entre 13 e 20 anos, do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e do Ensino Médio, que acompanhavam as atividades escolares remotas em 21 escolas públicas estaduais e municipais, localizadas nas periferias dos municípios de São Paulo e Guarulhos. Para a análise dos dados, utilizaram-se dois modelos de regressão linear múltipla, tendo como variáveis dependentes os escores de depressão pelo Inventário de Depressão Infantil e de ansiedade pelo Scared (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders). O tempo de exposição às telas, a inversão do sono e o sexo feminino, combinados com as dificuldades do ensino remoto e outros marcadores sociais (como cor/raça e casos de Covid-19 em casa), estão associados a sintomas de depressão e ansiedade durante a primeira onda da Covid-19 na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, reforçando a importância da rotina escolar na vida desses jovens e os desafios colocados às escolas para a promoção da saúde mental dos estudantes no período pós-pandemia.

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' mental health during part of the suspension of in-person classes. The study is a cross-sectional survey carried out from October2020 to December 2020. An online self-report questionnaire was answered by thirteen- to twenty-year old students, from the 9th grade (Middle School) to high school, who followed remote school activities in 21 state and municipal public schools located in peripheral areas of the cities of São Paulo and Guarulhos. Two linear regression models were used in the analysis, considering as dependent variables the depression scores as provided by the Child Depression Inventory and anxiety by the SCARED (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders). The time of exposure to the screens, the inversion of sleep periods and the female gender, along with the difficulties of remote education and other social markers (such as color/race and cases of COVID-19 at home) are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety during the first wave of the COVID-19 in the Metropolitan area of São Paulo. The findings reinforce the importance of school routine in the lives of those young people and the challenges posed to schools to promote students' mental health in the post-pandemic reality.

Multidimensionalidade dos conhecimentos: uma proposição para o ensino da educação física / Knowledge multidimensionality: a proposition for physical education teaching / Multidimensionalidad del conocimiento: una propuesta para la enseñanza de la educación física

Objetiva-se, neste ensaio, explicitar conceitualmente uma proposição educativa para a Educação Física pautada pela multidimensionalidade dos conhecimentos e que possui como centralidade a produção de conhecimentos poderosos. Nessa direção, propomos duas "macrodimensões", das quais originam-se cinco subdimensões. A macrodimensão das práticas corporais desdobra-se nas subdimensões das práticas corporais fundamentais e avançadas; a macrodimensão conceitual, em subdimensão conceitual fundamental, relacional e crítico-social. Mesmo reconhecendo que a proposta da multidimensionalidade dos conhecimentos pode não "resolver" todos os problemas da área, entendemos que levar a sério o referencial teórico que a embasa pode se constituir em uma boa alternativa para a organização do processo de ensino deste componente curricular, potencializando, efetivamente, a produção de conhecimentos acerca da cultura corporal de movimento.(AU)

This essay aims to conceptually specify an educational proposition for Physical Education, guided by the multidimensionality knowledge whose centrality is the production of powerful knowledge. In that direction, we propose two "macro" dimensions, from which five sub-dimensions originate. The macro dimension of body practices unfolds in the sub-dimensions of fundamental and advanced body practices. The macro conceptual dimension, in fundamental conceptual sub-dimension, relational and social critical. Even recognizing that multidimensionality knowledge proposal may not "solve" all the problems in the area, we understand that taking the theoretical framework which supports it seriously can constitute a good alternative for the organization of the teaching process of this curricular component, effectively enhancing the knowledge production about the movement body culture.(AU)

El objetivo de este ensayo es explicitar conceptualmente una propuesta educativa para la Educación Física, guiada por la multidimensionalidad de los conocimientos y qué tiene como aspecto central la producción de conocimientos poderosos. En esta dirección, proponemos dos "macrodimensiones", de las cuales se originan cinco subdimensiones. La macrodimensión de las prácticas corporales se desdobla en las subdimensiones de las prácticas corporales fundamentales y avanzadas; la macrodimensión conceptual, en subdimensión conceptual fundamental, relacional y crítico-social. Incluso reconociendo que la propuesta de la multidimensionalidad de los conocimientos puede no "resolver" todos los problemas del área, entendemos que tomar en serio el marco de referencia teórico que la sustenta puede constituirse en una buena alternativa para la organización del proceso de enseñanza de este componente curricular, potenciando, de manera efectiva, la producción de conocimientos acerca de la cultura corporal de movimiento.(AU)

Associação entre a síndrome de burnout e a violência ocupacional em professores / Relación entre el síndrome de burnout y la violencia laboral en profesores / Association between burnout syndrome and workplace violence in teachers

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a associação entre a violência laboral e a síndrome de burnout em professores. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 200 professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio de um município paranaense. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um instrumento contendo um questionário com dados sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e de caracterização da violência laboral sofrida ou testemunhada nos últimos 12 meses e o Maslach Burnout Inventory para avaliar a síndrome de burnout. Para verificar a relação entre as variáveis dependentes e independentes, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, o teste de Fisher e a regressão linear múltipla. Adotou-se nível de significância de p-valor ≤ 0,05. Resultados A prevalência de violência verbal e física foi de 71,5% e 3% entre os professores, respectivamente. Verificou-se que 57,5% apresentaram alta exaustão emocional, 49% alta despersonalização e 36% baixa realização profissional, e 21% possuem indicativo para síndrome de burnout. O modelo múltiplo indicou que exaustão emocional e despersonalização estiveram direta e significativamente associadas a sofrer violência física e verbal, bem como presenciar esses tipos de violência, independentemente de sexo e idade. Conclusão Os maiores níveis de exaustão emocional e despersonalização estiveram associados à violência sofrida pelos professores. Medidas devem ser tomadas para promover um ambiente laboral mais seguro e, por sua vez, favorecer a saúde física e mental dos professores.

Resumen Objetivo Verificar la relación entre la violencia laboral y el síndrome de burnout en profesores. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado con 200 profesores de educación primaria y secundaria de un municipio del estado de Paraná. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante un instrumento con un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos, laborales y de caracterización de la violencia laboral sufrida o presenciada en los últimos 12 meses y el Maslach Burnout Inventory para evaluar el síndrome de burnout. Para verificar la relación entre las variables dependientes e independientes, se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, la prueba de Fischer y la regresión lineal múltiple. El nivel de significación adoptado fue de p-valor ≤ 0,05. Resultados La prevalencia de violencia verbal fue del 71,5 % y física del 3 % entre los profesores. Se verificó que el 57,5 % presentó agotamiento emocional alto, el 49 % alta despersonalización y el 36 % baja realización profesional. El 21 % tiene indicios de síndrome de burnout. El modelo múltiple indicó que el agotamiento emocional y la despersonalización estuvieron directa y significativamente asociados a sufrir violencia física y verbal, al igual que presenciar estos tipos de violencia, independientemente del sexo y edad. Conclusión Los mayores niveles de agotamiento emocional y despersonalización estuvieron relacionados con la violencia sufrida por los profesores. Deben tomarse medidas para promover un ambiente laboral más seguro y, a la vez, favorecer la salud física y mental de los profesores.

Abstract Objective To verify the association between workplace violence and Burnout Syndrome in teachers. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 200 elementary and high school teachers from a municipality in Paraná. Data were collected through an instrument containing a questionnaire containing sociodemographic, occupational and characterization data of workplace violence suffered or witnessed in the last 12 months and the Maslach Burnout Inventory to evaluate Burnout Syndrome. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Fisher's test and multiple linear regression were used to verify the relationship between dependent and independent variables. A significance level of p-value was adopted ≤ 0.05. Results The prevalence of verbal and physical violence was 71.5% and 3% among teachers, respectively. It was found that 57.5% presented high emotional exhaustion, 49% high depersonalization and 36% low professional achievement, and 21% have indicative of Burnout Syndrome. The multiple model indicated that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were directly and significantly associated with physical and verbal violence, as well as witnessing these types of violence, regardless of gender and age. Conclusion The highest levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were associated with the violence suffered by teachers. Measures should be taken to promote a safer working environment and, in turn, promote the physical and mental health of teachers.

Status of the poor vision among primary and secondary school students in a division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and analysis of the influencing factors / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To understand the status of poor vision and analyze the main influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in a division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of poor vision.METHODS: A total of 12 primary and secondary schools in a divisional urban district and regiment field of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were chosen using stratified cluster random sampling from August to October 2020. A total of 2 982 primary and secondary school students were selected for visual inspections and questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of poor vision.RESULTS: The rate of poor vision was 65.66% among 2 982 primary and secondary school students in the division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with the majority severe poor vision. Furthermore, the rates of poor vision were higher in girls(70.17%)than that in boys(61.47%)(χ2=4.993, P<0.001)and the urban area(70.03%)were higher than the rural area(58.96%)(χ2=38.680, P<0.001)and the Han nationality students(66.83%)were higher than Uyghur students(52.82%)(χ2=19.772, P<0.001). The risk of poor vision increased with age(χ2trend =300.144, P<0.001), and by the age group ≥18 years old, the rate of poor vision reached 80.47%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the women, the age≥13 years old, writing and reading duration every day ≥2h, cram school on weekends and presence of myopia in parents increases the risk of poor vision, increase the outdoor exercise time, sleep time ≥8h, and do eye exercises every day can reduce the occurrence of poor vision.CONCLUSION: Poor vision rate of primary and secondary school students in the division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is higher than that of many regions in the country. Girls with the age(≥13 years old)whose parents are myopic should receive special attention. Increasing outdoor exercise time, doing eye exercises every day, and keeping your eyes more than one foot away from books when reading and writing is effective in preventing poor vision.

Differences and causes of myopia among students in different stages in the same region in Xi'an / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To gather baseline data on visual acuity by screening students from different stages in the same administrative district of Xi'an, as well as to analyze and investigate disparities in myopia rates among students from different stages in this area.METHODS: A total of 13 707 students from 21 elementary schools, 3 middle schools, 3 general high schools and 1 vocational high school were randomly selected for uncorrected distance visual acuity and computerized refraction testing in 28 schools with a random sampling approach.RESULTS: The detection rate of myopia in elementary, middle, high and vocational high schools in the same region of Xi'an were 32.27%, 72.07%, 81.22% and 65.12%, respectively; The total myopia rate of students was 47.81%; The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys in all grades; The myopia rates of elementary and middle schools increased with the growth of grades; The percentage of high myopia increased from 2.40% in elementary schools to 16.51% in high schools with the growth of grades.CONCLUSION: The myopia rate in different stages of the same region is different, and it tends to rise with the gronth of grades; Girls have a higher myopia rate than boys; Compared to the results of the national survey on myopia in different grades of children and adolescents in 2018, the myopia rate in the same region has decreased significantly in 2021 of the elementary school level, although myopia rate of middle school and high school stage do not rise, the decline is not obvious.

Awareness and willingness to vaccinate daughters with human papillomavirus vaccines among parents of primary and middle school students / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the awareness of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccine and willingness to vaccinate daughters among parents of primary and middle school students, so as to provide the reference for the promotion of HPV vaccine in primary and middle school girls.@*Methods @#Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, the parents of girls in in Grade Four to Nine from schools in Gongshu District of Hangzhou, Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing and Wuxing District of Huzhou were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, HPV vaccine related knowledge and willingness to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the willingness to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines among parents. @*Results @#Totally 1 500 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 466 were effectively collected, with an effective rate of 97.73%. There were 313 fathers responded, accounting for 21.35%; and 1 153 mothers responded, accounting for 78.65%. The awareness rate of HPV vaccine was 16.81%. The rate of willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines was 49.86%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who ever vaccinated daughters with self-paid vaccines ( OR=1.935, 95%CI: 1.473-2.541 ), knew cervical cancer ( OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.065-1.904 ), knew HPV vaccine dose ( OR=1.672, 95%CI:1.216-2.301 ), knew the best vaccination period ( OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.032-1.876 ), knew the need of cervical cancer screening even after vaccination ( OR=1.596, 95%CI:1.227-2.075) were more willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines, while the parents who thought HPV vaccine expensive ( OR=0.154, 95%CI: 0.099-0.240 ) were less willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines. @*Conclusions @#The rates of HPV vaccine awareness and willingness to vaccinate daughters are 16.81% and 49.86% among parents of primary and middle school students. Their knowledge of HPV vaccine and the price of the vaccine may affect their willingness to vaccinate daughters.

Influencing factors for abnormality of the angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students / 预防医学

Objective@#To explore the influencing factors for the primary and secondary school students with abnormal angle of trunk rotation for the prevention.@*Methods@#The students of Grade Four to Nine in Jiashan County of Zhejiang Province were selected by cluster sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect social demographic data, diet behaviors, physical activities, reading and writing habits. The angle of trunk rotation was measured by scoliometer. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation. @*Results@#This study included 2 942 schoolchildren, with 1 582 ( 53.78% ) boys and 1 360 ( 46.23% ) girls. The incidence rate of abnormal angle of trunk rotation was 7.82%. The incidence rate of abnormal angle of trunk rotation in girls was 10.74%, which was higher than 5.31% in boys ( P<0.05 ). Grade ( OR=1.485, 95%CI: 1.058-2.085 ), gender ( OR=2.084, 95%CI: 1.536-2.828 ), frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the past week ( OR=0.749, 95%CI: 0.633-0.887 ) and watching electronic screen in the dark ( OR=1.188, 95%CI: 1.002-1.408 ) were the influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students. Grade ( OR=2.664, 95%CI: 1.481-4.791 ) and watching electronic screen in the dark ( OR=1.325, 95%CI: 1.030-1.704 ) were influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in boys. Frequency of eating fresh vegetables in the past week ( OR=0.714, 95%CI: 0.574-0.887 ) and uncorrected eyesight less than 5.0 ( OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.164-2.767 ) were influencing factors for abnormal angle of trunk rotation in girls. @*Conclusion@#The abnormal angle of trunk rotation in primary and secondary school students is related to gender, grade, reading and writing behaviors as well as diets; and the influencing factors are different in male and female students.

Influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary schoolstudents in Suzhou / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou, so as to provide basis for myopia prevention and control. @*Methods@#The students in Grade 4-12 were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time were collected through the questionnaire of National Surveillance Program of Influencing Factors for Common Diseases and Health in Students. Uncorrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore myopia-related factors.@*Results@#A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed, and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 89.09%. The prevalence rate of myopia was 78.23% ( 690 cases ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=1.703, 95%CI: 1.173-2.474 ) , middle school students ( OR:5.597-11.949, 95%CI: 3.573-28.349 ) , both parents＇myopia ( OR=2.445, 95%CI: 1.597-3.742 ) , video display terminal time over 3 hours per day ( OR=2.026, 95%CI: 1.235-3.325 ) were risk factors for myopia; outdoor activity time over 2 hours per day ( OR: 0.493-0.510, 95%CI: 0.273-0.943 ) was a protective factor for myopia. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou is 78.23%. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time are influencing factors for myopia.

Condições de trabalho nas escolas brasileiras da educação básica e saúde dos professores: EDUCATEL, 2016 / Working conditions in Brazilian schools of basic education and teachers' health: EDUCATEL, 2016

Os professores são uma classe profissional bastante exposta ao risco de adoecimento, particularmente os da Educação básica. Nas últimas décadas, estudos sobre saúde do professor identificaram principalmente alta prevalência de distúrbios de voz, transtornos mentais e agravos osteomusculares. Porém, prevalecem os projetos investigativos locais sobre as relações entre condições de trabalho e saúde dos professores, enfocados no tradicional processo saúde-doença. A autoavaliação de saúde (AAS) é um indicador validado, amplamente utilizado em inquéritos epidemiológicos. É preditor de morbimortalidade porque sintetiza o quadro real de saúde de uma pessoa. Fatores individuais e clínicos podem influenciar a AAS de adultos, mas pouco se sabe sobre as associações relacionadas às características ocupacionais. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a associação entre fatores ocupacionais e a autoavaliação de saúde dos professores da Educação Básica brasileira. MÉTODOS: Inquérito telefônico, realizado entre 2015 e 2016, representativo dos professores da Educação Básica do país, cuja variável desfecho foi obtida por meio da pergunta "Em geral, você diria que a sua saúde é", com opções de respostas categorizadas em ruim (muito ruim, ruim, regular), boa e muito boa. As variáveis explicativas foram hierarquizadas em blocos específicos: características do trabalho, individuais e de saúde. Para avaliar os fatores associados à AAS foi utilizado o Modelo de Regressão Logística de Chances Proporcionais, devido ao caráter ordinal da variável resposta. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de AAS ruim foi de 27% (IC 95%: 26,9%­27,1%). A chance de pior AAS foi significativamente maior para os professores com 10 a 20 anos de tempo de serviço (OR=1,17; IC 95% 1,01-1,35); que trabalharam sob pressão laboral (OR=1,18; IC 95% 1,04-1,33), vivenciaram casos de violência verbal (OR=1,26; IC 95% 1,09-1,44) e indisciplina (OR=1,26; IC 95% 1,10-1,45) e com tempo de deslocamento até escola superior a 50 minutos (OR=1,19; IC 95% 1,03-1,38). A chance de pior AAS foi significativamente menor para aqueles que relataram exercer outro tipo de atividade remunerada (OR=0,78; IC 95% 0,65-0,94), ter tempo suficiente para cumprir suas tarefas (OR=0,77; IC 95% 0,64-0,92), apoio social (OR=0,79; IC 95% 0,69-0,89) e satisfação com o próprio trabalho (OR=0,79; IC95% 0,69-0,91). CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se uma escuta ativa em oposição a avaliações rigorosas, consideração do tempo de deslocamento entre moradia e escola nas escalas e horários, promoção de ambientes de paz e justiça em âmbito escolar e seus entornos, fomento ao apoio entre colegas como medidas de enfrentamento aos desafios diários do cotidiano do professor.

Teachers are a professional class that is quite exposed to the risk of becoming ill, particularly those in basic education. In the last decades, study about teachers' health identified mainly high prevalence of voice, mental and musculoskeletal disorders. However, local investigative projects about relationship between working conditions and teachers' health prevail, focused on the traditional health-disease process. The self-rated health (SRH) is a validated indicator, widely used in epidemiologic surveys. SRH is predictor of morbity and mortality because it synthesizes a person's real health condition. Individual and clinical factors can influence SRH in adults, but little is known about its associations related to occupational characteristcs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify the association between occupational factors and the self-rated health of the Brazilian Basic Education's teachers. METHODS: Telephone survey, carried out between 2015 and 2016, representative of the Basic Education's teachers in the country, whose variable outcome was obtained through the question "In general, would you say your health is", with answer options categorized as bad (very bad, bad, regular), good and very good. The explanatory variables were hierarchized into specific blocks: work, individual and health characteristics. To assess the factors associated with SRH, the Proportional Chance Logistic Regression Model was used, due to the ordinal character of the response variable. RESULTS: The prevalence of poor SRH was 27% (CI 95%: 26,9%­27,1%). The chance of worse SRH was significantly higher for teachers with 10 to 20 years of service (OR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.35); who worked under work pressure (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.04-1.33), experienced cases of verbal violence (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.09-1.44) and indiscipline (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.10-1.45) and with travel time to school greater than 50 minutes (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1, 03-1.38). The chance of worse SRH was significantly lower for those who reported exercising another type of paid activity (OR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.65-0.94), to have enough time to complete their tasks (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.64-0.92), social support (OR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.69-0.89) and satisfaction with their own work (OR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.69 -0.91). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest an active listening in opposition to rigorous evaluations, consideration of the time spent traveling between home and school in the scales and schedules, promotion of peace and justice environments in the school environment and its surroundings, encouraging support among colleagues as measures to confront daily challenges of the teacher's daily life.

A relação entre saúde e educação física escolar: uma revisão integrativa / The relationship between health and school physical education: an integrative review / La relación entre salud y educación física escolar: una revisión integradora

Este estudo objetivou analisar a produção científica sobre as relações entre Educação Física Escolar e saúde, publicada em periódicos científicos das áreas de Educação e Educação Física. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa em periódicos indexados no sistema WebQualis, sendo identificadas 41 produções. O foco dos estudos está na escolha dos temas a serem aprendidos nas aulas. Diferentes temas têm sido propostos, com predomínio de conhecimentos sobre as implicações biológicas do exercício físico, mesmo em estudos que adotam a perspectiva da promoção da saúde, evidenciando a polissemia do termo. Constata-se a prioridade na análise sobre concepções de saúde, sendo negligenciado o debate sobre a concepção de escola que fundamenta a relação entre saúde e Educação Física Escolar. Identifica-se, portanto, a necessidade de ampliar o debate sobre o tema, buscando apoio no referencial da saúde coletiva e aproximando do contexto escolar, com o protagonismo de professores e professoras na produção de conhecimento.

This study analyzes scientific production on school Physical Education and health published in journals in the areas of Education and Physical Education. An integrative review was conducted on journals indexed on the WebQualis system and 41 articles were found. They focused on selection of subjects to be learned. Various topics were proposed, with a predominance of knowledge about the biological implications of physical exercise, even in studies that adopt the health promotion perspective, which shows the polysemy of the term. Health concepts are often discussed but not the school perspective underlying the relationship between health and Physical Education at school. Therefore, the debate on the topic has to be broadened, seeking support in the collective health framework and approaching the school context with teachers' active participation in knowledge production.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la producción científica sobre las relaciones entre Educación Física Escolar y salud que ha sido publicada en revistas científicas de las áreas de Educación y Educación Física. Realizamos una revisión integradora de revistas indexadas en el sistema WebQualis en la que se identificaron 41 producciones. El foco de los estudios está en la selección de los temas que se aprenderán en las clases. Se han propuesto diferentes temas, con destaque para los conocimientos sobre las implicaciones biológicas del ejercicio físico, incluso en estudios que adoptan la perspectiva de la promoción de la salud, evidenciando la polisemia del término. Se constata la prioridad en el análisis de las concepciones de salud y se da poca atención al debate sobre el concepto de escuela que fundamenta la relación entre salud y Educación Física Escolar. Se identifica, por lo tanto, la necesidad de ampliar el debate sobre el tema, buscando apoyo en los marcos de la salud colectiva y acercándose al contexto escolar, con el protagonismo de profesores e profesoras en la producción de conocimiento.